\section{Dwarf}\label{dwarf}

Kingdoms rich in ancient grandeur, halls carved into the roots of
mountains, the echoing of picks and hammers in deep mines and blazing
forges, a commitment to clan and tradition, and a burning hatred of
goblins and orcs---these common threads unite all dwarves.

\subsection{Short and Stout}\label{short-and-stout}

Bold and hardy, dwarves are known as skilled warriors, miners, and
workers of stone and metal. Though they stand well under 5 feet tall,
dwarves are so broad and com pact that they can weigh as much as a human
standing nearly two feet taller. Their courage and endurance are also
easily a match for any of the larger folk.

Dwarven skin ranges from deep brown to a paler hue tinged with red, but
the most common shades are light brown or deep tan, like certain tones
of earth. Their hair, worn long but in simple styles, is usually black,
gray, or brown, though paler dwarves often have red hair. Male dwarves
value their beards highly and groom them carefully.

\subsection{Long Memory, Long Grudges}\label{long-memory-long-grudges}

Dwarves can live to be more than 400 years old, so the oldest living
dwarves often remember a very different world. For example, some of the
oldest dwarves living in Citadel Felbarr (in the world of the Forgotten
R ealm s) can recall the day, more than three centuries ago, when orcs
conquered the fortress and drove them into an exile that lasted over 250
years. This longevity grants them a perspective on the world that
shorter-lived races such as humans and halflings lack.

Dwarves are solid and enduring like the mountains they love, weathering
the passage of centuries with stoic endurance and little change. They
respect the traditions of their clans, tracing their ancestry back to
the founding of their most ancient strongholds in the youth of the
world, and don't abandon those traditions lightly. Part of those
traditions is devotion to the gods of the dwarves, who uphold the
dwarven ideals of industrious labor, skill in battle, and devotion to
the forge.

Individual dwarves are deteained and loyal, true to their word and
decisive in action, sometimes to the point of stubbornness. Many dwarves
have a strong sense of justice, and they are slow to forget wrongs they
have suffered. A wrong done to one dwarf is a wrong done to the dwarf's
entire clan, so what begins as one dwarf's hunt for vengeance can become
a full-blown clan feud.

\subsection{Clans and Kingdoms}\label{clans-and-kingdoms}

Dwarven kingdoms stretch deep beneath the mountains where the dwarves
mine gems and precious metals and forge items of wonder. They love the
beauty and artistry of precious metals and fine jewelry, and in som e
dwarves this love festers into avarice. Whatever wealth they ca n 't
find in their mountains, they gain through trade. They dislike boats, so
enterprising humans and halflings frequently handle trade in dwarven
goods along water routes. Trustworthy members of other races are welcome
in dwarf settlements, though some areas are off limits even to them.

The chief unit of dwarven society is the clan, and dwarves highly value
social standing. Even dwarves who live far from their own kingdoms
cherish their clan identities and affiliations, recognize related
dwarves, and invoke their ancestors' names in oaths and curses. To be
clanless is the worst fate that can befall a dwarf.

Dwarves in other lands are typically artisans, especially weaponsmiths,
armorers, and jewelers. Some become mercenaries or bodyguards, highly
sought after for their courage and loyalty.

\subsection{Gods, Gold, and Clan}\label{gods-gold-and-clan}

Dwarves who take up the adventuring life might be motivated by a desire
for treasure---for its own sake, for a specific purpose, or even out of
an altruistic desire to help others. Other dwarves are driven by the
command or inspiration of a deity, a direct calling or simply a desire
to bring glory to one of the dwarf gods. Clan and ancestry are also
important motivators. A dwarf might seek to restore a clan's lost honor,
avenge an ancient wrong the clan suffered, or earn a new place within
the clan after having been exiled. Or a dwarf might search for the axe
wielded by a mighty ancestor, lost on the field of battle centuries ago.

\subsection{Slow to Trust}\label{slow-to-trust}

Dwarves get along passably well with most other races. ``The difference
between an acquaintance and a friend is about a hundred years,'' is a
dwarf saying that might be hyperbole, but certainly points to how
difficult it can be for a member o f a short-lived race like humans to
earn a dwarf's trust.

\textbf{Elves.} ``It's not wise to depend on the elves. No telling what
an elf will do next; when the hammer meets the orc's head, they're as
apt to start singing as to pull out a sword. They're flighty and
frivolous. Two things to be said for them, though: They don't have many
smiths, but the ones they have do very fine work. And when orcs or
goblins come streaming down out of the mountains, an elf's good to have
at your back. Not as good as a dwarf, maybe, but no doubt they hate the
orcs as much as we do.'' \textbf{Halflings.} ``Sure, they're pleasant
folk. But show me a halfling hero. An empire, a triumphant army. Even a
treasure for the ages made by halfling hands. Nothing. How can you take
them seriously?''

\textbf{Humans.} ``You take the time to get to know a human, and by then
the human's on her deathbed. If you're lucky, she's got kin--- a
daughter or granddaughter, maybe--- who's got hands and heart as good as
hers. That's when you can make a human friend. And watch them go! They
set their hearts on something, they' ll get it, whether it's a dragon's
hoard or an empire's throne. You have to admire that kind of dedication,
even if it gets them in trouble more often than not.''

\subsection{Dwarf Names}\label{dwarf-names}

A dwarf's name is granted by a clan elder, in accordance with tradition.
Every proper dwarven name has been used and reused down through the
generations. A dwarf's name belongs to the clan, not to the individual.
A dwarf who misuses or brings shame to a clan name is stripped of the
name and forbidden by law to use any dwarven name in its place.

\textbf{Male Names:} Adrik, Alberich, Baern, Barendd, Brottor, Bruenor,
Dain, Darrak, Delg, Eberk, Einkil, Fargrim, Flint, Gardain, Harbek,
Kildrak, Morgran, Orsik, Oskar, Rangrim, Rurik, Taklinn, Thoradin,
Thorin, Tordek, Traubon, Travok, Ulfgar, Veit, Vondal

\textbf{Female Names:} Amber, Artin, Audhild, Bardryn, Dagnal, Diesa,
Eldeth, Falkrunn, Finellen, Gunnloda, Gurdis, Helja, Hlin, Kathra,
Kristryd, Ilde, Liftrasa, Mardred, Riswynn, Sannl, Torbera, Torgga,
Vistra

\textbf{Clan Names:} Balderk, Battlehammer, Brawnanvil, Dankil,
Fireforge, Frostbeard, Gorunn, Holderhek, Ironfist, Loderr, Lutgehr,
Rumnaheim, Strakeln, Torunn, Ungart

\subsection{Dwarf Traits}\label{dwarf-traits}

Your dwarf character has an assortment of inborn abilities, part and
parcel of dwarven nature.

\textbf{Ability Score Increase}. Your Constitution score increases by 2.

\textbf{Age}. Dwarves mature at the same rate as humans, but they're
considered young until they reach the age of 50. On average, they live
about 350 years.

\textbf{Alignment}. Most dwarves are lawful, believing firmly in the
benefits of a well-ordered society. They tend toward good as well, with
a strong sense of fair play and a belief that everyone deserves to share
in the benefits of a just order.

\textbf{Size}. Dwarves stand between 4 and 5 feet tall and average about
150 pounds. Your size is Medium.

\textbf{Speed}. Your base walking speed is 25 feet. Your speed is not
reduced by wearing heavy armor.

\textbf{Darkvision}. Accustomed to life underground, you have superior
vision in dark and dim conditions. You can see in dim light within 60
feet of you as if it were bright light, and in darkness as if it were
dim light. You can't discern color in darkness, only shades of gray.

\textbf{Dwarven Resilience}. You have advantage on saving throws against
poison, and you have resistance against poison damage (explained in
chapter 9).

\textbf{Dwarven Combat Training}. You have proficiency with the
battleaxe, handaxe, throwing hammer, and warhammer.

\textbf{Tool Proficiency}. You gain proficiency with the artisan's tools
of your choice: smith's tools, brewer's supplies, or mason's tools.

\textbf{Stonecunning}. Whenever you make an Intelligence (History) check
related to the origin of stonework, you are considered proficient in the
History skill and add double your proficiency bonus to the check,
instead of your normal proficiency bonus.

\textbf{Languages}. You can speak, read, and write Common and Dwarvish.
Dwarvish is full of hard consonants and guttural sounds, and those
characteristics spill over into whatever other language a dwarf might
speak.

\subsection{Subraces}\label{subraces}

Two main subraces of dwarves populate the worlds of D\&D: hill dwarves
and mountain dwarves. Choose one of these subraces.

\subsubsection{Hill Dwarf}\label{hill-dwarf}

As a hill dwarf, you have keen senses, deep intuition, and remarkable
resilience. The gold dwarves of Faerun in their mighty southern kingdom
are hill dwarves, as are the exiled Neidar and the debased Klar of Krynn
in the Dragon lance setting.

\textbf{Ability Score Increase}. Your Wisdom score increases by 1.

\textbf{Dwarven Toughness}. Your hit point maximum increases by 1, and
it increases by 1 every time you gain a level.

\subsubsection{Mountain Dwarf}\label{mountain-dwarf}

As a mountain dwarf, you're strong and hardy, accustomed to a difficult
life in rugged terrain. You're probably on the tall side (for a dwarf),
and tend toward lighter coloration. The shield dwarves of northern
Faerun, as well as the ruling Hylar clan and the noble Daewar clan of
Dragon lance, are mountain dwarves.

\textbf{Ability Score Increase}. Your Strength score increases by 2.

\textbf{Dwarven Armor Training}. You have proficiency with light and
medium armor.

\subsection{Duergar}\label{duergar}

In cities deep in the Underdark live the duergar, or gray dwarves. These
vicious, stealthy slave traders raid the surface world for captives,
then sell their prey to the other races of the Underdark. They have
innate magical abilities to become invisible and to temporarily grow to
giant size.